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Roman Numeral Converter

Convert numbers to Roman numerals and Roman numerals to numbers, from 1 to 3,999.

Type 1–3999 to get a Roman numeral, or a numeral like MCMXCIV to get a number.

Result

2026 in Roman numerals

MMXXVI

Runs in your browser — nothing you enter is sent to a server.

How the Roman Numeral Converter works

Type a number to get its Roman numeral, or a Roman numeral to get the number — the direction is detected automatically. Numerals are written in the standard form: symbols from largest to smallest, with six subtractive pairs (IV, IX, XL, XC, CD, CM) and no symbol repeated more than three times.

Non-standard numerals like IIII are flagged, with the standard way to write the number you probably meant.

Roman numeral symbols

I = 1 · V = 5 · X = 10 · L = 50 · C = 100 · D = 500 · M = 1,000. Subtractive pairs: IV = 4, IX = 9, XL = 40, XC = 90, CD = 400, CM = 900.

Formula

add each symbol; subtract it when a larger symbol follows

MCMXCIV = 1000 + (1000 − 100) + (100 − 10) + (5 − 1) = 1994.

Examples

2026

MM (2000) + XX (20) + VI (6) = MMXXVI.

MCMXCIV

1994.

The largest standard numeral

MMMCMXCIX = 3,999.

Frequently asked questions

Why does it stop at 3,999?

The standard symbols end at M (1,000), and a symbol can repeat only three times. Larger numbers used a bar over a numeral to multiply it by 1,000, which isn't standard today.

Is IIII wrong on clock faces?

Many clocks use IIII for 4 by tradition, but the standard form is IV. The converter points this out and accepts only the standard form.

Is there a Roman numeral for zero?

No. The Romans had no numeral for zero, so the converter starts at 1.

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